When president John Adams passed the Judiciary Act of 1801, which created 16 new Federalist judges, the Republican party was outraged. They claimed that it was against the people's will.
When James Madison, the Secretary of State would not bring a commission to one of the newly appointed judges, William Marbury, he was sued, and the case was brought to the Supreme Court.
The Chief Justice, John Marshall said that Marbury deserved to get his commission but that the court had no power over the case.
He later declared that the Supreme Court would have the power to determine the meaning of the Constitution and have power over the states.
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